Fred Hama, IMC, White Paper, Chlorinated Solvents Printing Industry Trichloroethane Trichcloroethylene

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Dispersal of Chlorinated Solvents into the Groundwater by the Printing Industry

Author            :Mr. Fred Hama

Designation    :Vice President

Company        :IMC Inc.

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Synopsis

Chlorinated solvents in “dense non-aqueous phase liquids” (DNAPL) form, persist in the subsurface for long periods of time and can take up to hundreds of years to dissolve under natural conditions. Before Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) became mandatory in 1985, printers used unique chemical products to clean metal, rubber, and floors in the most efficient manner. Inks and fountain solutions were formulated, without regard to the environmental repercussions. Ingredients were not documented for public use, not analyzed by the printing industry, and long-term environmental consequences were not challenged.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) estimated in 1995 that toxic releases of VOC’s to the environment from the printing industry were more than 10 times than those originating from the dry cleaning industry. Five of the most common chemicals identified in the printing process include toluene, exlenes, ethyl benzene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA) and PCE. During the letterpress era and later in the lithographic process, pressroom floor drains were common, solvents were dumped into sinks and disposals that led to city sewers, and film developer and fixers were emptied into drains. This paper will discuss the likelihood of printing operations contributing to the contamination of underground water by widespread industrial usage of these compounds along with some naïve attitudes about how they could be handled.

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