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Agricultural Chemicals in Wisconsin Groundwater
Author            :Jim VandenBrook
Designation    :Water Quality Section Chief
Company        :Wisconsin Department of Agriculture
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Synopsis

Between October 2000 and April 2001, 336 private drinking water wells were sampled as part of a state-wide survey of agricultural chemicals in Wisconsin groundwater. The purpose of the survey was to obtain a current picture of agricultural chemicals in groundwater and to compare the levels in the 2001 survey with levels founds in earlier surveys conducted in 1994 and 1996. Wells were selected using a stratified random sampling procedure and were used to represent Wisconsin groundwater exploitable by private wells. Samples were analysed for 18 compounds including herbicides, herbicide metabolites, and nitrate-nitrogen.
Based on statistical analysis of the sample results, it was estimated that the proportion of wells in Wisconsin that contained a detectable level of a herbicide or herbicide metabolite was 37.7%. The two most commonly detected compounds were the metabolites alachlor ESA and metolachlor ESA with proportion estimates of 27.8 and 25.2%, respectively. The estimate of the proportion of wells that contained atrazine total chlorinated residues (atrazine and three chlorinated metabolites) was 11.6%. Estimates of the mean detect concentrations were generally less than 1.0 ug/l. The estimate of the proportion of wells that exceeded the 3 ug/l enforcement standard for atrazine total chlorinated residues was 1.1%. The estimate of the proportion of wells that exceeded the 10 mg/l enforcement standard for nitrate nitrogen was 14.1%.
The proportion of wells that contained a detectable level of parent atrazine showed a statistically significant decline between 1994 and 2001. The state-wide proportion of wells with detects of atrazine total chlorinated residues did not show a statistically significant decline over this time period, but there were some interesting trends in groups of similar agricultural statistics districts. No other compound showed a significant decline from 1994 to 2001.

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