Rakesh Govind, University Cincinnati, White Paper: Biocatalyst Treatment Wastewater

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Biocatalysts for Accelerated Treatment of Municipal and Industrial Wastewaters

Author            :Dr. Rakesh Govind

Designation    :Professor of Chemical Engineering

Company        :University of Cincinnati

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Synopsis

Biocatalysts consist of four main components, which function synergistically to improve the performance of biological treatment of wastewater, solids, and contaminated gases. These components are:

Enzymes - facilitate the transport of organics into active cells through the cell membranes, form complexes with organics and inorganics to prevent their release into gas phase through partitioning and accelerate biological rates

Mineral nutrients to provide bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus, needed for microbial action

Biosurfactants which form micelles and complex organics and inorganics in wastewater and transport them effectively into active cells; and

Fatty acids, which significantly reduce the metabolic energy required for aerobic and anaerobic transformation of organics, thereby favoring mineralization to carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions and/or methanogenic breakdown by consumption of bicarbonate (CO2) to methane. Without biocatalysts, under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions, ammonia is formed and/or sulfate reduction to form sulfides (H2S)

Hence, biocatalysts improve biodegradation rates of both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures and prevent the reduction of sulfate and/or nitrate to hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, respectively. Typically, sub-ppm concentration of biocatalysts is required in wastewater, to effectively enhance biodegradation rates. Since biocatalysts enhance anaerobic action, breakdown of grease, fats and oils is also accelerated in the wastewater treatment process. Another side benefit obtained is that biosurfactants and enzymes rapidly complex with synthetic surfactants in wastewater to prevent foam formation in sparged air systems.

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